文本来源：佛山商务英语培训学校 首选爱德华国际英语   

 1. 一般将来时

(1) 基本用法
[1] 一般将来时常用来表示将来时间的动作或状况。如：
Helena will be twenty next year. 海伦娜明年就二十岁了。

[2] 一般将来时用于真实条件句和时间状语从句的主句中表示将来的情况。如：
I'll tell you as soon as he comes. 他一来我就告诉你。

[3] 用于条件状语从句表示愿望或意愿。如：
If you will wait for me, I shall come back soon.
如果你愿意等我，我马上就回来。

[4] 一般将来时可用来表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。如：
The shop won't open until nine. 这家商店九点才会开门。
Children will be children. 孩子就是孩子。

(2) be going to ＋动词原形
　　这一结构表示打算或准备好要做的事或有迹象表明要发生的天气变化等情况。如：
What are you going to do during the summer holiday? 你暑假打算做什么？ The train is going to arrive. 火车就要到了。

(3) 现在进行时（be ＋现在分词）
　　有些动词的现在进行时可以表示将要发生的动作，表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。这类动词有：go, come, leave,start, arrive, return, spend, sail, meet, fly等。如：
Annie is coming to supper this evening. 安妮今晚要来吃饭。

(4) be to ＋动词原形
　　这一结构可表示约定、命令或按计划要做的事。如：
When are they to come? 他们什么时候来？
We are to meet at the school gate. 我们约好在校门口见。

(5) be about to ＋动词原形
　　这一结构表示“即将做”或“马上做”的意思。如：
He is about to leave. 他马上就要动身。
The vacation is about to start. 假期即将开始。

2. 将来进行时

　　将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。常表示已安排好之事，给人一种期待感。如：
What will you be doing this time tomorrow?
明天这个时候你将做什么？
The train will be leaving in a second. 火车马上就开。

3. 将来完成时

(1) 将来完成时表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作，往往对将来某一时间产生影响。如：
I shall have finished reading the book by the end of this week.
我将在本周末前读完这本书。
Before long,he will have forgotten all about the matter.
过不久，他很快就会把这件事全然忘记。

(2) 将来完成时表示持续到将来某时的动作或状态。如：
By the time he graduates, he will have studied French for four years.
到他毕业的时候，他学法语就满四年了。
By the time Pierce comes back from the meeting, we will have waited here for three hours.
到皮尔斯开会回来的时候，我们已经在这儿等了三个钟头了。

4. 过去将来时

(1) 过去将来时表示过去某时之后将出现的情况，通常用于宾语从句中。如：
I thought he would come. 我以为他会来。
Jenny never imagined that she would become a doctor.
詹妮从没想到自己会当医生。

(2) 表示从过去某时看将要发生的事情。如：
The old lady was fifty-eight then. In two years she would be sixty.
老太太当时五十八岁，再过两年就六十了。
I didn’t think they would have any objection to it.
我想他们不会有什么反对意见。

(3) 表示过去习惯性动作（不管什么人称都用would）。如：
Whenever he had time, Harris would go to see his grandmother.
哈里斯一有时间就去看他奶奶。
Joanna would go for a walk after she had supper.
乔安娜吃完晚饭总要去散步。

《薄冰实用英语语法详解》连载之六：被动语态

现在范畴 一般现在时 am/is/are made
现在进行时 am / is /are being made
现在完成时 has/have been made
过去范畴 一般过去时 was/were made
过去进行时 was/werebeingmade
过去完成时 had been made
将来范畴 一般将来时 shall/will be made
将来完成时 shall/will have been made
过去将来时 should/would be made
过去将来完成时 should/would have been made


1. 被动语态的各种时态

　　被动语态（The Passive Voice）是动词的一种形式，表示主语是谓语动词的承受者。被动语态便于论述客观事实，故常用于科技文章、新闻报道、书刊介绍以及景物描写。被动语态没有将来进行时、过去将来进行时和完成进行时形式。

(1) 一般现在时的被动语态
I am not so easily deceived. 我不会轻易上当受骗的。
Computers are widely used in the world.
计算机在世界范围内得到广泛应用。

(2) 一般过去时的被动语态
The car was seriously damaged. 汽车受到严重损坏。
Printing was introduced into Europe from China.
印刷术是由中国传入欧洲的。

(3) 现在进行时的被动语态
The question is being discussed at the meeting.
这个问题现在正在会上讨论。
The children are being taken care of by their aunt.
孩子们现在正由其姑妈照看。

(4) 过去进行时的被动语态
When I called, tea was being served.
当我来访时，正值上茶之际。
When they arrived， the experiments were being made.
他们到达时，实验正在进行。

(5) 现在完成时的被动语态
The meeting has been put off. 会议已被推迟了。
The party has been planned since the new year.
这次聚会自新年起就已筹划了。

(6) 过去完成时的被动语态
By the end of last month,he had been robbed at least three times.
到上月底，他已被抢了至少三次。

(7) 将来完成时的被动语态
It is said that the building will have been completed before September.
据说大楼将于九月前竣工。
This class will have been taught by Mr Brown for two years by next summer.
到明年夏天，布朗先生在这两个班执教已有两年了。

2. 含有情态动词的被动语态

Water mustn't be wasted. 绝不能浪费水。
Electric energy can be changed into light enery.
电能可以转变成光能。
Cross the road very carefully. Look both ways, or you might be knocked down.
过马路时要特别小心，要往两边看，不然会被撞倒。

3. Get+过去分词构成的被动语态

　　Get＋过去分词也可以构成被动语态，用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。如：
the man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。
Mary is going to get married. 玛丽准备结婚了。
How did the glass get broken? 杯子怎么破了？

4. 短语动词的被动语态

(1) 动词+介词
This matter has been talked about recently.
这件事近来一直被谈论着。
Such a thing has never been heard of before.
这样的事从未被听说过。
The old man was looked after carefully. 那位老人被精心照顾着。
He has never been listened to. 人家从不听他的话。

(2) 动词+副词
The sports meeting was put off. 运动会被推迟了。
A short play will be put on by them at the party.
一个短剧将要由他们在晚会上演出。
What he said must be thought over. 他说的话必须仔细思考。

(3) 其他短语动词
Privileges must be done away with. 特权必须被取消。
The light has just been turned off. 灯刚被关上。
Their plans are being carried out. 他们的计划正在执行中。

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