文本来源：佛山英语培训 首选爱德华国际英语

 237. 我从小就认识他.
[误] I have known him since a child.
[正] I have known him from a child. . I have known him since his childhood.
注:从过去某一时期到现在为止,英语要用现在完成时态,介词就用 since,但有时不说"迄"(till)也可以说"起"(from)的, 即用"from + 普通名词"代替"since + 抽象名词".但在 from 后也同样可接抽象名词,所以不说 He has been blind since childhood,而说 He has been blind from childhood. 也是一样.

238. 他有自己的一幢房子.
[误] He has his own house.
[正] He has a house of his own.
注:英语的属格代名词(Possessive Pronouns)有两种形式,普通的形式为 my 等,后必须接名词如 my book,绝对的形式 为 mine(=my book)等,是为避免重复地说那名词而采用的,例如 Your house is larger than mine (=my house).在属 格代名词的前面如再加指示代名词时,即在 my book 前再加 this,that,a,some,any,no 等字样时,普通的形式便得改 为绝对的形式,以避免指示代名词与属格代名词连在一起.三百年前的英语是可以连用的,即可以说 this my book,而现代英 语则必须改为 this book of mine 才行.反身属格(Reflexive Possessive)的 my own,your own,his own 等,也要采 用绝对的形式,因为现代英语已不说 He has that his own house. 或 She has some her own reasons. 而必须改成 He has that house of his own. 或 She has some reasons of her own.

239. 他是我父亲的朋友.
[误] He is a friend of my father.
[正] He is a friend of my father's.
注:名词前面的属格,可代定冠词用,如 my brother's wife=the wife of my brother. 又 my brother's friends=(all) the friends of my brother. 如果不是指某一个特定的人或几个人时,则须用不定冠词 (a),那是不能用属格来代替的,即是用 了属格,还得有不定冠词,但我们又不能说 my brother's a friend. 或 a my brother's friend,所以只好说 a friend of my brother's. 这种表现法所含有的意味是 a friend (that is) my brother's 或 one of my brother's friends. 这便是英语 的双重属格的由来.

240. 该校有三千名学生.
[误] The school has three thousand students.
[正] There are three thousand students in the school.
注:英语动词 have 有三义1)物质上的所有,如 I have a lot of friends. (2)身心上的具有:如 I have a poor memory. (3)构成上的含有:如 A week has seven days = There are seven days in a week. 例句中的 have 与 (3)相似,但仍是似是而非,因学校是一个地点,不是机构,学校与学生的关系,不是不可分离的,不像星期少了一天就不 成.还有 "there + be"愿意为"存在",存在于某处,因而变成"有"的意思. p127 This is a really marvellous job! Thanks for your keen effort! Come on! We are waiting for more!


241. 他们的希望全部破灭了.
[误] Their hope fell to 0.
[正] Their hope fell to zero.
注:zero 作数字时,在科技文章中普遍用作表示0,但在日常生活中,英国英语常把 0 叫作 naught,或 nil,美国英语往往叫 作 zero.在 zero 用作比喻用法时,表示"希望破灭","完全没有",不能写作0.


242. 你有必要这样去做.
[误] It is necessary of you to do so.
[正] It is necessary for you to do so.
注:一个形容词可以用来指"行为",又可以用来指"行为者",如 kind, good, foolish, nice, careful, careless 这类皆是.这 种形容词可以接用 of 来造句,如 It is kind of you. (行为)= You are kind. (行为者).另外有些形容词,只能用来指"行 为",不能用来指"行为者",如 necessary, impossible, inconvenient, unbearable 这类皆是.这种形容词是不可以接用 of 来造句的,它只能接用 for,例如 It is necessary for you to go. 而不能说 You are necessary to go.

243. 那囚犯的处死引起了诸多公众谴责.
[误] The prisoner's execution has caused a lot of public censure.
[正] The execution of the prisoner has caused a lot of public censure. 注:英语的属格有两种用法:一为主格作用 (Subjective Possessive).一为宾格作用 (Objective Possessive).例如 She has come to sing his praise. (她来赞美他.)是宾格作用.She doesn't want his praise.(她不要他赞美.)是主格作 用.说 his praise(他的赞美)用作主格作用是不会有误解的,但说 his praise(赞美他)用作宾格作用,把属格变成了宾格, 就令人费解了.这两种作用在文字上是没有分别的,读者要从意义上才能加以辩明.如上例句中所说的 the prisoner's execution,意为处死囚犯,当然是宾格作用,因为被人处死,是被动,决不可能变成囚犯自己处死的,所以不能说成 the prisoner's execution,只能改用 of 的造句而说成 the execution of the prisoner,因为用 of 的造句多是表宾格作用的,例 如 the choice of him=the act of choosing him.(选择他).如说 his choice=the person or thing he has chosen(他 所选定的人或物),就是主格作用了.


244. 战争结束后他就留洋了.
[误] After the war being over, he went abroad.
[正] The war being over, he went abroad.
注:在 Absolute Participle 的前面不要再加连词或介词.改正后的句子是属于 Written English 方面的,如改为 Sopken English,则为 After the war was over, he went abroad.

245. 虽然他病了好几年,现在却完全好了.
[误] Though having been ill for years, he is now quite well.
[正] After having been ill for years, he is now quite well. . Having been ill for years, he is now quite well.
注:though 是连词,只能用于连结两个从句(clause).句中 having been ill for years,不是一个从句,至多前面只能用 介词 after,或根本什么都不要

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