文本来源：佛山商务英语培训 首选爱德华国际英语

 79. 在一次具有历史意义的表决中,北京羸得了申办奥运会的机会.
[误] In a historical vote, Beijing won the bid for the Olympics.
[正] In a historic vote, Beijing won the bid for the Olympics.
注:historic 表示"历史上著名的,有历史意义的",而 historical 则表示"有关历史的,历史学的".

80. 你读没读过菲尔丁的经典长篇小说《汤姆.琼斯》
[误] Have you ever read Fielding's classical novel Tom Jones
[正] Have you ever read Fielding's classic novel Tom Jones
注:classic 即可作形容词,表示"经典的,第一流的",又可作可数名词,表示"经典作品";而 classical 却是一个没有比较级和 最高级的形容词,常指"(建筑,文学,音乐等方面)古典的,传统的".

81. 未经允许,任何人不得入内.
[误] Anybody can not come in without permission.
[正] Nobody can come in without permission.
注:"任何......都不"是汉语中常用字的否定句式,而在英语中,any 构成的合成词及其所修饰的词语作主语时,谓语动词是不能 用否定形式的.因此,any ... not 的用法不符合英语的表达习惯,须用"否定形式的主语+肯定形式的谓语"替换.但是,any 构成的合成词及其所修饰的词语作主语时,如果带有后置定语,那么其谓语也可以用否定形式.如:Anyone who does that isn't honest(干那种事的人都是不诚实的).

82. 听到这个消息,没有一个人不感到兴奋.
[误] Having heard the news, nobody did not feel excited.
[正] Having heard the news, everybody felt excited.
注:汉语中把主,谓语同时否定以表示肯定,但这不符合英语习惯,所以 nobody...not 的结构在英语中是不正确的.翻译这类 句子时,可像上面正确的译文那样,把主语和谓语都改成肯定形式;也可用"there be + 否定的主语 + 否定形式的定语从句"来 表达,即:There was nobody who did not feel excited 或者 There was nobody but felt excited.

83. 我是一个中国人.
[误] I am a Chinese.
[正] I am Chinese.
注:第一句译文是不地道的,正确的说法应该去掉不定冠词,或者说 I am a Chinese man.同样,He is an English 也没有 He is English 或 He is an Englishman 好.

84. 母狼为了保护幼崽同猎豹展开了殊死的搏斗.
[误] The female wolf fights against the leopard so as to protect her whelps.
[正] The she wolf fights against the leopard so as to protect her whelps.
注:汉语一般用"公","母"或"雌","雄"来区分动物的性别,而英语中,有一部分动物是雌雄各有其名,例如:cock(公鸡)和 hen(母鸡),stag(雄鹿)和 doe(雌鹿)等;而另一部分则是用 male 和 female 加以区分,如:male leopard(公 豹),female panda(母熊猫)等;当然,也有例外的情况,如:bull elephant(公象)和 cow elephant(母象),he wolf(公狼)和 she wolf(母狼)等.

85. 使我高兴的是,我儿子对意大利语也略知一二.
[误] To my joy, my son know a thing or two about Italian.
[正] To my joy, my son knows something about Italian.
注:有些英语词语在字面上同汉语十分相似,但实则貌合神离,如果不求甚解很容易出错.例如,know a thing or two 就不 表示"略知一二",而是"很有经验,精明强干"的意思.

86. 你希望什么时候成家呢
[误] When do you want to start a family
[正] When do you want to get married
注:中文的"成家"是"结婚"的意思,而英文 start a family 的含义却是"生第一个孩子",二者完全不是一回事.

87. 宁做鸡头,不做凤尾.
[误] Better be the head of a cock than the tail of a phoenix.
[正] Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion.
注:每种语言中都有许多约定俗成的表达,没有什么道理好讲,但使用时则需遵照各自的语言习惯.中文是"鸡头"和"凤尾"比, 而英语中却要用"狗头"和"狮尾".

88. 海伦就像一只骄傲的公鸡,从来不爱搭理别人.
[误] Helen is proud as a cock, and she never talks to others.
[正] Helen is proud as a peacock, and she never talks to others.
注:"孔雀"在中国人眼里是美丽和吉祥的象征,而公鸡因为常把头昂得高高地,尾巴翘到了天上,摆出一副盛气凌人的架子,因 此成了"骄傲"的化身.但西方文化不注重孔雀美丽的一面,认为它们很骄傲,所以英美人在形容一个人骄傲,狂妄和爱慕虚荣 时,就把他(她)比作 peacock.

89. 因为没有吃的,那个索马里的小男孩瘦得像猴子.
[误] That Somali boy is as thin as a monkey because of the lack of food.
[正] That Somali boy is as thin as a shadow because of the lack of food.
注:同一事物,在不同的文化里可能引起不同的联想,具有不同的内涵.所以,在一种语言中用这种事物作比喻,而在另一种语 言中很可能会有不同的表达.这样的例子中英文还有很多,例如:as timid as a hare(胆小如鼠),as strong as a horse (力大如牛),as poor as a church mouse(一贫如洗)等.


90. 索菲娅望子成龙心切,给儿子报名参加了许多补习班.
[误] Sophia hopes to see her son become a dragon, therefore she enters his name for many classes of supplementary schooling.
[正] Sophia hopes that her son will have a bright future, therefore she enters his name for many classes of supplementary schooling.
注:"龙"在中国人心目中象征着神圣和万能,但在西方人的印象中却是可怕的,《圣经》里就把"龙"描述成了罪恶的象征.所以 在翻译"望子成龙"时需要意译.

文本来源：佛山商务英语培训 首选爱德华国际英语

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