5.藤黄 Gamboge

 Gamboge, also spelled camboge, can be used to describe the vivid yellows of autumn. The name of the color refers to a gum resin from Southeast Asian trees that is used as a yellow pigment and as a purgative. The resin is orange to brown in color but when pulverized turns bright yellow.

Gamboge（藤黄色），也写作camboge，可用来形容秋天鲜艳的黄色。

Gamboge指的是一种源自东南亚树木上的树脂胶。这种树脂胶可以制作黄色颜料和泻药，颜色介于橙色和棕色之间，但制成粉末后呈明黄色。

 

Gamboge is based on New Latin gambogium, an alteration of cambugium, which is either from or akin to the Portuguese name for the country of Cambodia, Camboja. Cambodia also happens to be one of the countries in which the trees producing gamboge are indigenous.

 Gamboge的原型是现代拉丁语中的gambogium（cambugium的变型），这个单词和柬埔寨的葡萄牙语名Camboja非常相似，也可能就来源于此。而柬埔寨本土刚好就有这种树脂胶的树木。

 

 6. Scarlet 猩红

Scarlet was not originally a word for a color but a name for a high-quality cloth, which is believed to have originated in Persia where it was called saqalāt. The word entered English via Anglo-French escarlet—a derivative of the Latin word for the cloth, scarlata—and became associated with bright red colors because the cloth was commonly dyed red.

Scarlet（猩红）本来不是表示颜色的词汇，而是一种优质布料的名称。这种名为saqalāt的布料原产自波斯。英语中的scarlet由诺曼时代英国所用法语中的escarlet演变而来。而escarlet就是这种布料的拉丁文单词scarlata的衍生词。由于这种布料通常被染成红色，scarlet也就和鲜艳的红色联系在一起。

 Scarlet is a perfect descriptor for the bright reds of autumn. 用scarlet形容秋天的亮红色再恰当不过。

 

7.Maroon  栗色 

Maroon as the name for a dark red color, derives from French marron, which is the Spanish name for a chestnut. The earliest examples in English of the word refer to the reddish-brown nut, with the color sense dating from the late-18th century. Maroon指暗红色，源于法语单词marron（板栗的西班牙语名称）。英语中最早用maroon指代红棕色的板栗，而用其表示颜色可以追溯到18世纪末期。

 

 8. Auburn 赤褐色

Prior to the 16th century, auburn would not have been an ideal word to describe an autumn color. It derives ultimately from the Latin word albus, meaning "white," and originally designated a yellowish or brownish white color. 16世纪以前，auburn还不是用来描述秋天颜色的理想词汇。Auburn最早来源于拉丁语单词albus，意思是“白色”，原本用来指代黄白色或米白色。

 

However, by the 16th century, the word's meaning shifted to goldish and reddish shades of brown. It seems variant spellings of the word, such as abrune, abroun, and abrown, that resembled Middle English brun, meaning "brown," brought on the color change.

然而，到16世纪时，auburn的词义变为金褐色和红褐色。这似乎是因为auburn的几种不同拼写，比如abrune，abroun和abrown与中世纪英语中的brun相似，而brun代表“棕色”。